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Dulong's Formula

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                               Dulong's Formula According to dulong's Formula,  Gcv=1/100[8080 c + 34500 (H-0/8) + 2240S] kcal kg–¹ Where C,H,O,S refer to % of carbon , hydrogen, oxygen and surphur respectively. Ncv=Gcv - latent heat of water vapour formed.        =Gcv - Mass of hydrogen × a × latent heat of steam since 1 part by mass of hydrogen produces  'a' part by mass of water.                

Chemistry of Fuel and Lubricants

          Fuel And Lubricants                          Fuel:         A Fuel is a substance that can be made to combine with oxygen with evolution of light and thermal energy that can be utilized for domestic as well as industrial heating.       Classification of Fuels: According to the physical state in which they exist in nature - solid, liquid and gaseous. According to the mode of their procurement- natural and manufactured.    Fuel------- (a) Natural Fuels                             (B) Manufactured Fuels    Natural Fuels:  (1) solid( wood,coal) (2) Liquid (petroleum). (3) Gas (Natural gas). Manufactured Fuels: (1) solid (coke, charcoal).   (2) Liquid ( coal tar, kerosene).     (3) Gas ( coal gas, producer gas)       ...

Trigonometrical Angles and Ratios Formula [Pdf]

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                        TRIGONOMETRY • Trigonometry  is a very important branch of mathematics. IT deals with the angles of a triangle and the measure of all sorts of positive and negative angles which falls within the perview of the subject. Measurement of Trigonometrical Angles: •systems of measuring Angles: 1.sexagesimal system (or English system): In this system,     1 right angle = 90 degrees (or 90°) 1 degree (or 1°) = 60 minutes (or 60') 1 miniute (Or 1') = 60 seconds (or 60°) 2. Centesimal system:   Radian: In any circle , the angle subtended at it's centre by an arc of the circle whose length is equal to the radius of the circle is called a radian.           Download pdf Click here👉 Trigonometrical Ratios formula